Innovative performance in African technical projects: A multi-level theory

This study clearly supports the notion that societal level characteristics impact on organisational characteristics. Evidence of all societal forces considered here was found in all organisations studied. However, the extent to which the organisation adopts these societal forces was found to be determined largely by the strategic orientation of management towards people in the organisation. This is identified as a key factor determining how societal influences are passed through to teams as sub-systems of the organisation.