Computation of the potential field and its gradient using exponential expansion

We describe the use of exponential expansion for the evaluation of both the potential field and its gradient in three dimensions. The gradient can be obtained, with a small overhead, as a by-product of the computational process of the potential. All of the features of the exponential-expansion-based method are preserved. Here, the memory requirement is independent of the desired degree of accuracy and different forms of parallelisms are available for remotely-distributed networks and closely-coupled parallel systems