Title :
Alternatives to ozone depleting substances in electronic cleaning
Author :
Stemniski, John R.
Author_Institution :
Charles Stark Draper Lab. Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
Abstract :
Evidence indicating that the Earth´s ozone layer is being depleted by man-made chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogen containing solvents has challenged the scientific community to seek alternatives to precision and electronic cleaning. The crisis reached a climax when it was declared at a meeting of concerned nations in Montreal, Canada that phase-out of production of these substances was the only way to effectively reduce the impact of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Initially the Protocol dictated that there would be a progressive reduction in production with complete phase-out at the turn of the century. Present evidence indicates that the ozone layer is being depleted at a rate faster than anticipated. Subsequent meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol have resulted in an accelerated phase-out and effectively production would cease 1 January 1996, if not sooner
Keywords :
air pollution control; chemical technology; electronic equipment manufacture; electronics industry; environmental factors; organic compounds; ozone; surface cleaning; CFC; Canada; Earth´s ozone layer; Montreal Protocol; atmospheric pollution; chemicals; chlorofluorocarbons; electronic cleaning; halogen containing solvents; ozone depleting substances; ozone layer; pollution reduction; Acceleration; Chemicals; Cleaning; Earth; Global warming; Hybrid fiber coaxial cables; Laboratories; Production; Protocols; Solvents;
Conference_Titel :
Frequency Control Symposium, 1994. 48th., Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International
Conference_Location :
Boston, MA
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-1945-1
DOI :
10.1109/FREQ.1994.398331