Determination of load-following reserves in power systems with high wind penetration: An application to the Greek power system

This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the amount of spinning and non-spinning load-following reserves required for the normal operation of a power system under high wind penetration. A two-stage stochastic optimization problem is formulated; in the first stage the market operator clears the day-ahead market, while in the second stage the real-time operation of the power system is modeled, considering uncertainty in wind production by means of wind power generation scenarios. The required levels of load-following reserves are first-stage decisions. The proposed model is tested on the Greek power system and its economic and computational aspects are thoroughly discussed.