Estimation and identification of time-varying long-term fading channels via the particle filter and the EM algorithm

In this paper, we are concerned with the estimation and identification of time-varying wireless long-term fading channels. The dynamics of the fading channels are captured using a mean-reverting linear stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion. Recursive estimation and identification algorithms solely from received signal strength data are developed. These algorithms are based on combining the particle filter (PF) with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm that estimate and identify the power path-loss of the channel and its parameters, respectively. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithms.