Radiation pattern of a leaky dual-ridged waveguide as a function of dielectric loading

Directive antennas are required for many military and commercial applications, and electronic beam steering is often desired. A pencil beam, which can be electronically positioned in an arbitrary forward direction, and frequency scanning are typical requirements that might be met with an array of leaky rectangular waveguides. The antenna can be phase-scanned by incorporating advanced ceramic materials for which the dielectric properties depend on an applied voltage. The first step in such a development is a flexible design procedure for the individual leaky waveguide elements.