Numerical investigation and optimization of a 2D-Photonic Crystal Fiber with ultra-low confinement loss and ultra-flattened dispersion

In this paper, a modified photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with ultra-low confinement loss and ultra-flattened dispersion at a wide telecommunication window is presented. The results revealed that the significant reduction of the confinement loss and low dispersion of the PCF has been obtained by carefully incorporating additional air holes. The perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2-D FDTD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). Macro-bending loss performance of the designed PCF is also studied and it is found that the fiber shows low bending losses for the smallest feasible bending radius of 5 mm.