Induced Packet Loss Reduction by Max-Heap Overlay Construction Based on the Bandwidth-Latency Product Measures

Constructing max-heap-form overlay governed by node gain scores (NGSs), earned from requested bandwidth discrepancy ratio (BDR) with respect to available bandwidth, and latency discrepancy ratio (LDR) between the nodes and the source, reduces induced packet loss caused by schemes neglecting these parameters in constructing the tree. This proposal positions nodes using NGSfunction governed by available bandwidth, requested bandwidth, proposed latency to prospective parent, and best latency as advised by the source. BDR and LDR are set with a and (1,000-alpha) respective weights, and arbitrarily chosen a between 0 and 1,000. NGSs, used as nodelDs, maintain uniqueness and balance between the critical factors. Max-heap-form tree is constructed assuming that all the nodes possess NGS less than the source. For load balancing, parent-node can not accept another child until all its able siblings acquire same number. This scheme out-performs the others, like BASE, in packet delivery, link stress, and end-to-end delay.