The New Black Start: System Restoration with Help from Voltage-Sourced Converters

Author

Bahrman, M. ; Bjorklund, Per-Erik

Author_Institution

ABB, Raleigh, NC, USA

Volume

12

Issue

1

fYear

2014

fDate

Jan.-Feb. 2014

Firstpage

44

Lastpage

53

Abstract

The very first commercial high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission system, commissioned in 1954, had black-start capability. This system links the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea with the Swedish mainland. Gotland had very few generating units, and the HVdc system was required to start up and deliver power without any generation operating on Gotland. Because the HVdc stations used line-commutated converters (LCCs), synchronous condensers were necessary to start up the dc system with a dead receiving network. This complicated the start-up sequence for system restoration.

Keywords

HVDC power transmission; capacitors; power convertors; power system restoration; Baltic; Gotland island; HVdc transmission system; LCC; Swedish mainland; black-start capability; dead receiving network; high-voltage dc transmission system; line-commutated converter; power system restoration; synchronous condenser; voltage-sourced converter; Frequency control; Generators; HVDC transmission; Power conversion; Power grids; Power system restoration; Reactive power; Voltage control;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1540-7977

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/MPE.2013.2285592

Filename

6684690