Performance of personal communication handset antennas in their operating environment

Personal communication handsets are used in either outdoor or indoor propagation conditions, and usually in close proximity to the user´s head and hand. The specification and design of antennas for handsets requires a knowledge of the effects of the operating environment on the antenna and system performance. The user´ s head and hand will affect the radiation pattern of the antenna, but the effect on the link performance will also be a function of the propagation conditions. The angular spread of the signals received by the handset will vary with the environment, so that the effective gain of the handset antenna is a function of this angular spread and the radiation pattern. Statistical measures are needed to describe performance