Notice of RetractionResearch on judicial identification of contract fraud in real estate field

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In china, there are many writings involving the research of judicial identification on real estate contract fraud, however, few of them have been in-depth exploration and many of them lack the systematic research. This paper, from the aspect of constitutive elements of crime, crime and innocence, this crime and that crime, identification of the amount of crime and so on, combined with the specific circumstances of contract fraud in judicial practice, has made a more systematic exposition according to the principle of Civil and Commercial Law and Criminal Law with a view to benefit the criminal justice and theories.