On the Design of a Water Quality Wireless Sensor Network (WQWSN): An Application to Water Quality Monitoring in Malawi

More than one billion people lack access to safe drinking water in the world. Providing a way to measure automatically water quality will help tackle this problem. This paper presents the design of a water quality measuring system and proposes a prototype implementation of a water quality wireless sensor network (WQWSN) as a solution to this challenging problem. When applied to developing countries, the design and implementation of such a system must take into consideration the difficult environment in which it will operate. An application to water quality measurement in Malawi reveals the relevance of using our novel solution to mitigate two challenging issues: energy consumption of the system and the inter-networking problem.