Decision support for restoration of interconnected power systems using tie lines

Existing system restoration strategies are primarily based on operators´ experience with no specific decision support tools. Restoration of interconnected grids in Europe is decentralised; restoration planning is limited to within the area of control for each national transmission system operator (TSO). Although coordination of restorative actions between TSOs is encouraged, few agreements exist. This study proposes a decision support methodology for system operators and restoration planners for restoration of interconnected grids. Solutions to optimal and coordinated utilisation of tie lines (TLs) are proposed. The proposed tool facilitates collaboration between TSOs affected by wide area blackouts. The decision support tool allows to adaptively develop restoration strategies based on system conditions, available resources and operating constraints. Optimisation algorithms are proposed to determine the optimal utilisation of TLs and/or black-start (BS) units to crank non-BS units. Optimal power flow problems are formulated for utilisation of TLs. They offer solutions for neighbouring TSOs to determine the extent to which TLs can be used without violating constraints. The proposed decision support tool is tested with IEEE 39-bus system.