Title :
Comparison of perceptual shaping techniques for digital image watermarking
Author :
Belet, P. ; Dams, T. ; Bardyn, D. ; Dooms, A.
Author_Institution :
Appl. Eng., Artesis Univ. Coll. of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Abstract :
Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into another signal like an image. Embedding a watermark results in modifications of the image, leading to a decrease of the perceived quality. Perceptual shaping uses perceptual information of the image to camouflage these modifications, thereby increasing the perceived quality. In this paper four perceptual models are evaluated: the empirical noise visibility function, the noise visibility function based on a stationary generalized Gaussian distribution, the noise tolerance model and the Watson model. These models are applied on two watermarking schemes: correlation-based watermarking and dither-modulated quantization index modulation. We describe how these schemes utilize the perceptual models for improving the perceived quality and experimentally compare their performance. We conclude that the noise tolerance model offers the best results regarding the perceived quality. The empirical noise visibility function was found to offer best robustness.
Keywords :
Gaussian distribution; correlation methods; image coding; image denoising; watermarking; Watson model; camouflage; correlation-based watermarking; digital image watermarking; dither-modulated quantization index modulation; empirical noise visibility function; noise tolerance model; perceptual information; perceptual shaping techniques; stationary generalized Gaussian distribution; Band pass filters; Blanking; Delay; Digital images; Flexible printed circuits; Matched filters; Pulse compression methods; Radar antennas; Receiving antennas; Watermarking; Perceptual shaping; Watson model; human visual system; noise tolerance model; noise visibility function; watermarking;
Conference_Titel :
Digital Signal Processing, 2009 16th International Conference on
Conference_Location :
Santorini-Hellas
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4244-3297-4
Electronic_ISBN :
978-1-4244-3298-1
DOI :
10.1109/ICDSP.2009.5201253