Reconfigurable beam steering antenna using double loops

A reconfigurable beam steering antenna by combination of two loops is presented. The beam pattern of the proposed antenna is tilted to the desired direction by superposing between the in-phase beam of the inner loop and the out-phase beam of the outer loop at same frequency, 12.8 GHz. The antenna using two artificial switches is capable of changing its beam directions. The steerable beam directions are Ø_max = 0°, θ_max = 0° (case 1); Ø_max = 230°, θ_max = 40° (case 2); Ø_max = 130°, θ_max = 40° (case 3). The peak gains of the antenna are 5.32 dBi, 5.83 dBi, and 5.78 dBi at the operation frequency, 14.5 GHz.