Fast simulation of the steady-state of circuits by the harmonic balance technique

When simulating analog and microwave circuits, the steady-state behavior is of primary interest. One method for simulating the steady-state is the harmonic balance technique (HB). HB is characterized by the use of trigonometric basis functions. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved by Newton´s method (NR). The linear systems arising from NR are very large, indefinite but sparse. They can be solved by direct, stationary or Krylov subspace methods. This paper deals with the solution of linear systems arising from NE using preconditioned Krylov subspace methods (CGS, BiCGSTAB, BiCGSTAB(2), TFQMR)