Physical layer considerations for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks have characteristics that are different from traditional wireless networks. For example, nodes have more severe power constraints, although they may transmit at shorter distances and lower data rates. A variety of physical layer wireless transmission technologies are used in traditional wireless networks. In this paper, we consider the specific physical layer requirements of wireless sensor networks, taking into consideration the particular characteristics and usage scenarios of wireless sensor networks. We find that spread spectrum technologies meet the requirements much better than narrowband technologies. Furthermore, ultra-wideband technologies are found to be a promising emerging alternative.