Analysis of renewable energy grid integration by range extension technologies of BEVs

This paper focuses on an energy economic analysis of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), specifically driving long distances and thus requiring a means of range extension. Under investigation are three range extension technologies: fast charging, battery switching and driving with an on-board micro internal combustion engine. Simulations of renewable power plant portfolios in 27 European countries show that BEVs with battery switch technology are responsible for the least amount of CO₂ emissions, have the lowest primary energy generation costs and integrate renewable energy feed-in most efficiently in comparison to the other two alternatives.