Combination of ground-based instruments for remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor

Two techniques were developed to measure water vapor and cloud liquid water by combined ground-based sensors. One technique retrieves water vapor and cloud liquid profiles from a microwave radiometer, a ceilometer, a Radio Acoustic Sounding System and surface in situ sensors. The other technique extends profiles of water vapor measured by a Raman lidar to altitudes above its last range gate. This technique augments Raman lidar data with those from a microwave radiometer and surface in situ sensors. Both techniques are evaluated using experimental data