The integrator as a time delay estimator

The integrator technique of time delay measurement has already been found to be very useful, in view of its simplicity, attractive analytical properties and the picosecond sensitivities that are attainable. This paper evaluates the integrator technique within the general context of time delay estimation. The noise performance of the integrator technique is evaluated and a comparison is made with the Cramer-Rao bound. It is shown that the Cramer-Rao bound is approached within a factor of 2.