Noise shaping with reduced clock frequency

Recently, there have been activities for making the sampling frequency of digital noise shapers (sigma-delta modulators) less than that of the coarsely quantized sequence by an integer factor. Application domains such as video which require a bit-stream sampling frequency in excess of 200 MHz could benefit from such techniques since the major computation in the noise shaper is done at a lower sampling rate. In this paper, a short overview of the reduced clock frequency sigma-delta modulation techniques is presented