High density compact tunable PFN-Marx modulators

Experimentally demonstrated and computer-simulated results with long-pulse and short-pulse modulators using solid dielectric capacitors are presented. These modulators have achieved matched load voltages greater than 600 kV and energies approaching 1.5 kJ/pulse in a 20 inch diameter×25 inch long cylindrical volume. This device is not only over five times as energy dense as the commercially available Hewlett-Packard 43710A Febetron, but is also oil insulated, and thereby more easily maintainable, repairable, tunable, and adjustable. For example, at 600 kV, corresponding to 1.12 kJ stored, the modulator can be configured to produce compact state-of-the-art output parameters ranging from 8 GW, 43 Ω, and 140 ns, to 16 GW, 22 Ω, and 70 ns under matched conditions. Alternatively, if the impedance is increased an order of magnitude (to 400 Ω) a 1.4 μs pulse (at 0.8 GW) can be produced. Full system rep-rates to date are low (1 Hz), but small scale experiments have produced up to 20 Hz. Over 100 Hz is achievable with an upgraded trigger generator and higher average power charging supply