Coded asynchronous near-far resistant DS-CDMA receivers operating without synchronization

in this paper, several receivers for data demodulation in an asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system operating without prior knowledge of the propagation delays are proposed and compared. Special attention is paid to the near-far problem, and the proposed schemes are numerically shown to be near-far robust. The near-far robustness is obtained by estimating the a priori unknown propagation delay using a subspace-based technique. Quantities obtained in the estimation procedure are subsequently used to design an interference suppression filter according to the minimum mean-squared error criterion. A simple two-state Viterbi algorithm is used for the data demodulation in the uncoded case. By extending the trellis used in the Viterbi algorithm, error correcting coding is easily implemented