Power measurement for high performance computing: State of the art

Power utilization is a primary concern for high performance computing (HPC). Understanding it through physical measurements provides the critical first step to developing effective control techniques, yet obtaining power measurements remains an ad hoc process. In this paper, we survey popular measurement methods for HPC in terms of their measurement domains. We point out that the measurement process is slowly being standardized, and the real challenge lies in the real-time analysis of massive power data.