Title :
The transport and trapping of electrons in polymers
Author :
Watson, P. Keith
Author_Institution :
Xerox Corp., Webster, NY, USA
Abstract :
The conductivity of a polymer is determined by the availability of charge carriers and their mobility, and both terms are dominated by the trapping states in the polymer. The distribution in energy of these states may be studied by populating the states and observing the current that results from the relaxation of the trapped charges. In our experiments the states are populated by a pulse of electrons from an injection beam, and the surface potential of the polymer film is monitored by a second electron beam that passes above the charged surface; we have used this technique to study the isothermal discharge that follows a charging pulse. The general case of charge decay from an arbitrary distribution of states with retrapping can be analyzed by using a multiple trapping model, and this analysis yields the distribution of trapping states in the polymer. The analysis takes on a particularly simple form in the limit of negligible retrapping. We have concentrated on polystyrene as a model system, and we find a marked change in the distribution of trapping states near the glass transition, this redistribution of traps becomes apparent well below Tg
Keywords :
electrical conductivity; electron mobility; electron traps; organic insulating materials; polymer films; charge carriers; charge decay; charge relaxation; conductivity; electron transport; electron trapping states; glass transition; isothermal discharge; mobility; multiple trapping model; polymer film; polystyrene; pulsed electron beam; retrapping; surface potential; Charge carriers; Conductivity; Electron beams; Electron traps; Glass; Isothermal processes; Monitoring; Polymer films; Surface charging; Surface discharges;
Conference_Titel :
Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 1995. Annual Report., Conference on
Conference_Location :
Virginia Beach, VA
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-2931-7
DOI :
10.1109/CEIDP.1995.483567