Title :
A probabilistic model of the radar signal-to-clutter and noise ratio
Author :
McMillan, R.W. ; Kohlberg, Ira
Author_Institution :
U.S. Army Space & Missile Defense Command, Huntsville, AL, USA
Abstract :
We consider four effects relevant to the determination of the ratio of radar signal to clutter and noise. These effects are atmospheric turbulence, target fluctuations based on the Swerling models, zero-mean Gaussian background and receiver noise, and lognormal-distributed clutter. Radar return signal levels are affected by target fluctuations and atmospheric turbulence, characterized by a variant of the Rayleigh distribution and a lognormal distribution, respectively. Since these distributions are not independent and identically distributed (IID), they cannot be simply added, and must be treated by combining them in a manner similar to convolution. Also, clutter and noise are not IID, and must be combined in a similar way. The ratio of these two combinations comprises a probabilistic model of the ratio of radar signal to clutter and noise. This ratio is the probability that a given signal level will be achieved in the presence of atmospheric and target scintillations divided by the probability that a given clutter and noise level will be observed. To determine the ratio of the actual signal to clutter and noise, we must multiply these probabilities by the mean powers in these phenomena, as will be shown later. We treat several cases of interest by varying the average radar cross section, the log intensity standard deviation of turbulence, the radar threshold-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios, and the distributions of lognormal clutter.
Keywords :
Gaussian noise; atmospheric turbulence; log normal distribution; radar clutter; radar tracking; scintillation; Rayleigh distribution; Swerling models; atmospheric turbulence; average radar cross section; log intensity standard deviation; lognormal clutter distribution; probabilistic model; radar return signal levels; radar signal-to-clutter ratio; radar threshold-to-noise ratio; receiver noise; signal-to-noise ratio; target fluctuations; target scintillations; zero-mean Gaussian background noise; Atmospheric modeling; Background noise; Fluctuations; Gaussian noise; Noise generators; Noise level; Probability; Radar clutter; Radar cross section; Signal to noise ratio;
Conference_Titel :
Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems, 2009. COMCAS 2009. IEEE International Conference on
Conference_Location :
Tel Aviv
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4244-3985-0
DOI :
10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386056