Graphene-incorporated nanocrystalline TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Recently, graphene, a rising star in carbon family, has generated increasing interest both in fundamental science and for the potential applications in batteries, biosensor and field-effect transistors due to its good conductivity, high electron mobility, superior chemical stability and large surface-to-volume ratio. Chemical approaches, for the large-scale production of highly conducting graphene sheets, which speed up the application of graphene, have become reality. Increasing studies have pursued the application of graphene in photovoltaic devices, for example, as a promising transparent electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic solar cells or as acceptors for organic solar cells.