Measurement of building penetration loss and propagation models for radio transmission into buildings

The investigation of radio transmission into buildings is getting more and more important. Models for the propagation into buildings enable the calculation of the indoor field strength coverage based on the given outdoor coverage. In order to develop and to calibrate such propagation models several measurements of the building penetration loss with different transmitter locations were undertaken and evaluated. Additionally, the empirical, semi-empirical and deterministic models we developed are presented in this paper