A 65nm level-1 cache for mobile applications

We describe L1 cache designed for QUALCOMM®´s latest-generation digital signal processor (DSP) core. The cache is 32KB with variable associativity (4 to 16 ways) and is pseudo-dual-ported. Dual access is achieved by banking the cache in a way that minimizes bank conflict to less than 1%. The cache operates at 600 MHZ under worst-case PVT conditions and dissipates 100.8 pJoule per access at 1.2V. A low-leakage multi-threshold-voltage (MTV) 65nm foundry process technology is used for fabrication.. The cache supports simultaneous dual double-word access , and four-double-word evict and fill operations. The memory system includes a tag array and data array: both are designed using QUALCOMM®´s defined single-ported 6T SRAM cell, with an area of 0.54 mm² and leakage per cell of less than 10 pA. Three threshold voltages are used with foot and head switches to trade off leakage, active power, and performance. The design of the tag and data array uses novel circuit approaches to enable high coverage on testability through data bypassing with minimum impact to speed. It also employs self-timed circuit with process-dependent sense-amp tracking for high speed and low power.