The research of different convergence models by shallow tunneling

Based on the five convergence models for shallow tunneling, the settlement formulas of deep soil for oval convergent model and simplified top model were deduced. The results of five kinds of convergence models were compared by two examples. The results show that: The impact of soil friction angle on the settlement could not take into consideration in the oval convergent model and simplified top model. The settlement calculated by uniform convergence model was less than uneven convergence model. The uniform convergence model was one part of the oval convergence model when their parameters were the same. The oval convergence model could better predict soil settlement. The settlement laws of oval convergence model could be obtained that with the increasing of soil depth, the settlement above tunnel axis increased first and then decreased, and when the distance between soil and tunnel axis increased, the soil settlement would gradually decreased.