A comparison of international wiring and grounding systems with North American methods

Today, many engineering companies are faced with the engineering and designing of electrical systems in countries all around the world. The national electric grid and industrial distribution systems in these countries require the use of electrical equipment, with operating voltages that differ from those commonly used in the United States. Manufacturers must produce electrical products that are not only suitable for these different voltage systems, but also must meet the certification requirements of the countries in question. This paper will present a comparison of wiring and grounding methods found in countries around the world, to those used in North America. Proper understanding and installation of these systems will ensure the safety of all personnel (i.e., the installation and operation crews). The paper will present low voltage systems (600 volts or less) typically used in industrial petrochemical applications. A brief description of the more common systems will be included. A review of suitable National Electrical Code, NEC, and International Electro-technical Commission, IEC, standards will be presented as a reference for acquiring more detailed information.