Model reference adaptive control of bilinear systems using Volterra series expansions

A model reference adaptive control scheme of bilinear systems which requires only output measurement is presented. Local stability of the adaptive system is proved. It is not assumed that the system is uniformly observable for any input, nor the zero dynamics of the system is globally asymptotically stable. To design the controller, a parametric input-output representation of the system is developed using the Volterra series expansion. An adaptive observer, based on the representation, is also proposed