Millimeter wave on-wafer measurement of yeast cell suspension using a CPW test fixture in LCP technology

This paper deals with the measurement of cell suspensions at millimeter wave frequencies between 30 GHz and 110 GHz using a CPW test fixture and an on-wafer network analyzer set-up. The measurement results show that yeast cell suspension with concentration as low as 4 million cells/ml or 4 cells/nl can be distinguished from water by their dielectric constants at millimeter wave frequencies. High contrast in the imaginary part of the permittivity is found for cell concentrations from 4 million cells/ml to 4 billion cells/ml.