Efficient modeling of complex three dimensional antenna elements in finite arrays

Many antenna elements have complex geometries which require 3D modeling for accurate representation of performance. Analysis tools exist which can perform such a task, usually at the expense of many unknowns. In some cases, it is possible to use a single mode approximation to model the interactions between elements of a finite periodic array. This paper describes a study on the use of the single mode approximation and a highly accurate infinite array model to efficiently model finite arrays of complex 3D elements.