Notice of RetractionPilot Study on Hybrid Biological Filter-Coagulation-Submerged Ultrafiltration Membrane for Drinking Water Treatment

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Two parallel hybrid processes (Biological filter Coagulation/Ultrafiltration(BCUF) and Coagulation/Ultrafiltration(CUF)) for treating slightly polluted surface water were carried out in this experiment. In the process of BCUF, transverse flow water-dropping aerated biological filter was used as a primary pretreatment, and coagulation was used as the subsequent pretreatment of Ultrafiltration(UF). In the CUF process, coagulation was the unique pretreatment of UF. Turbidity was removed nearly completely in both two hybrid processes, and in the BCUF, effective ammonia nitrogen removal (87.1%) was also achieved mainly through the biological nitrification carried out in the biological filter, however, only 25.6% removal of ammonia nitrogen was achieved in the process of CUF. The removal rates of COD_Mn, TOC, DOC, UV₂₅₄, AOC and BDOC were 55.2%, 87.8%, 71.0%, 61.1%, 91.4% and 89.3% respectively in the process of BCUF, which were much higher than that in the process of CUF. The biological pretreatment could improve the biological stability significantly and relieve the membrane fouling which made the transmembrane pressure (TMP) arising velocity lower. The pretreatment of biological filter and coagulation could remove the organic molecules in the range of 5000-500Da. Results showed the water-dropping aerated biological filter was fit for the pretreatment of UF.