Notice of RetractionPrimary Sludge as Carbon Source for Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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The primary sludge used as carbon source for denitrification and phosphorus removal were investigated The optimum condition for primary sludge acidified was at temperature of 33, HRTof 3d, pHof 55-65, and acidified ratio was 13.6%. After the pre-treatment disintegration of primary sludge, 2059% of net SCOD (soluble COD) can be obtained in the same fermentor. Meanwhile, net VTA yield was high as much as 0.152mg VFA as COD/mg initial sludge TCOD. The denitrification rates with carbon from hydrolysis and acidogenesis process were three times and twelve times respectively as much as denitrification rates when using urban wastewater and fresh sludge as the carbon source. Moreover, the denitrification rate increased by 1/3, compared with the corresponding value with exogenous carbon source.