Statistical analysis of the antenna polarization efficiency for a partially polarized electromagnetic wave

An analysis is made of statistical properties of the polarization efficiency associated with the fraction of power lost due to polarization mismatch, for different probabilistic models of a partially polarized electromagnetic wave, and its possible impact on functioning of the antenna systems. Based on experimental results, it is concluded that certain ambiguities would be inherent in the schemes of combining the outputs from either nonidentical antennas or identical ones oriented differently (for example, two or three mutually orthogonal dipoles combined for the polarization diversity). As far as a power budget for communication links with partially polarized waves is concerned, the most restricting effect is expected to be from the fact that, the functional (M,h) structure of both a mean function and a variance of the polarization efficiency are sensitive to the received polarization ratios.<>