A New Load-Flow Calculation Method Based on the Theory of Adjoint Systems

In this paper, a load flow calculation method based on the theory adjoint systems is developed for both well-condition and ill-condition power systems. Solving the nonlinear least squares problem by means of a first order ordinary differential equation is considered. Then it is revealed the method based on the theory of adjoint systems to compute the controlling unstable equilibrium point. It is solving nonlinear least squares minimization by gradient flow method. A new method based on gradient flow to solve nonlinear equations is presented. The method is applied to compute power flow, especially to compute ill-conditioned power flow. The method can compute both well-conditioned power flow and ill-conditioned power flow efficiently, which is verified on IEEE 9-bus system.