Chip level security: Why ? How ?

This tutorial discusses the specific design constraints related to secure integrated systems, or at least the most critical elements in such systems, e.g. crypto-processors. After a presentation of the general context, the basics of circuit-level attacks are summarized. Circuit level and architecture level methods for the design and implementation of robust secure circuits are explained. Characteristics and limitations of the main hardware protection schemes (also called counter-measures) are discussed. Experimental attack data are shown on several implementation technologies (ASIC and FPGA).