Modeling omnidirectional small antennas for UWB applications

Small antennas are candidates for indoor UWB communication systems operating below 1 GHz due to their omnidirectionality and small form factor. The small antennas are modeled as simple circuit networks, and the radiated far fields can be estimated from the voltages across the radiation resistors in the networks. With these models, UWB transmitters and receivers can be designed in circuit simulators in order to facilitate the co-design of the antenna with the radio circuitry without running separate EM simulations.