Skin-effect considerations on transmission lines subjected to external time-domain EM fields

The transient skin resistance is taken into account to characterize a single transmission line above a lossy ground and exposed to time-varying electromagnetic fields. To solve for the response voltage, modified transmission line equations are used. These new telegrapher´s equations include an integral-differential term which takes into account the transient skin-effect resistance. The equations consist of the equivalent voltage and current sources which respresent the external time-domain electromagnetic fields. The time-domain finite-differences approach is then applied to the modified telegrapher´s equations. This method also makes it possible to investigate how the response voltage propagates along the transmission line