Accurate model of arbitrary wire antennas in free space, above or inside lossy ground

An accurate model of wire antennas in free space, above or inside lossy ground is presented, in which the current is assumed to flow on the surface of the wire and the testing is also performed on the surface. To replace the delta-gap source, a more accurate source model is developed using Huygens´ principle. From this principle and the reciprocity theorem, a variational formulation of the input admittance is derived in a general form. When Galerkin´s method with triangle basis function is used, all the elements of the impedance matrix and the source vector are formulated in closed forms, which can be rapidly computed.