Beam breakup calculations for the second axis of DARHT

The accelerator for the second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility will produce a 4-kA, 20-MeV, 2-μs output electron beam with a design goal of less than 1000 π mm-mrad normalized transverse emittance and less than 0.5-mm beam centroid motion. In order to meet this goal, the beam transport must have excellent optics and the beam breakup instability (BBU) must be limited in growth. Using a number of simulation codes such as AMOS and BREAKUP, we have modeled the transverse impedances of the DARHT-II accelerator cells and the electron beam response to different transverse excitations such as injector RF noise, magnetic dipole fields arising from the 90-degree bend between the cathode stalk and insulator column, and downstream solenoid alignment errors. The very low Q (~2) predicted for the most important TM dipole modes has prompted us to extend the BREAKUP code to be able to use the dipole wakefields calculated by AMOS in addition to the most usual discrete frequency BBU mode model. We present results for the predicted BBU growth and the empirical sensitivity to various machine parameters