Infrared Neural Stimulation: Influence of Stimulation Site Spacing and Repetition Rates on Heating

Author

Thompson, Alexander C. ; Wade, S.A. ; Pawsey, Nicholas C. ; Stoddart, Paul R.

Author_Institution

Fac. of Eng. & Ind. Sci., Swinburne Univ. of Technol., Hawthorn, VIC, Australia

Volume

60

Issue

12

fYear

2013

fDate

Dec. 2013

Firstpage

3534

Lastpage

3541

Abstract

A model to simulate heating as a result of pulse repetitions during infrared neural stimulation (INS), with both single- and multiple-emitters is presented. This model allows the temperature increases from pulse trains rather than single pulses to be considered. The model predicts that using a stimulation rate of 250 Hz with typical laser parameters at a single stimulation site results in a temperature increase of 2.3°C. When multiple stimulation sites are used in analogy to cochlear implants, the temperature increases further depending upon the spacing between emitters. However, when the light is more localized at multiple stimulation sites the temperature increase is reduced.

Keywords

bioelectric potentials; cochlear implants; finite element analysis; laser applications in medicine; neurophysiology; cochlear implants; heating; infrared neural stimulation; laser parameters; multiple emitters; pulse repetitions; pulse trains; repetition rates; single emitters; single stimulation site; stimulation rate; stimulation site spacing; Absorption; Cochlear implants; Heat transfer; Heating; Modulation; Neurons; Predictive models; Cochlear implants; INS; electrical stimulation; finite element analysis; implants; infrared neural stimulation; laser nerve stimulation; monte carlo methods; optical stimulation;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9294

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TBME.2013.2272796

Filename

6557528