Performance of master-slave synchronized clocks

The problem of time and frequency transfer between remotely located master and slave clocks in the presence of internal as well as external disturbance is investigated. A model for estimation of transmission path delay and carrier phase is proposed. In this model, path delay estimation and compensation are achieved by tracking a pseudonoise code, phase modulated onto the carrier, using a noncoherent delay-locked loop. Carrier phase synchronization is established by a Costas loop. The performance of the proposed model is obtained in terms of probability density functions of phase increment processes in time and space under the influence of internal and external disturbances