Numerical computation of EM interaction between human body and loop antennas with arbitrary orientation

In this paper, numerical simulation of the influence of the human body on the antenna radiation characteristics, such as input impedance, current distribution, radiation pattern, and directive gain, of a circular loop with arbitrary orientation relative to the human body is presented. A 3-D realistically shaped man model (175-cm height) with homogenous muscle phantom is constructed. Coupled integral equations (CIE), which consist of a Pocklington-type integral equation (PIE) and a 3-D volume electric field integral equation (EFIE) with mutual coupling terms, are developed for the loop antenna current and the induced electric field inside the body. The coupled integral equations are solved numerically by the method of moments (MoM). Numerical results of the loop antenna radiation characteristics at 280 MHz in free space and proximate to the body are presented and compared.