Indirect programming of floating-gate transistors

Floating-gate transistors are useful for precisely programming a large array of current sources. Present floating-gate programming techniques require disconnection of the transistor from the rest of its circuit to be programmed. We present a new method of programming floating-gate transistors indirectly that does not require this disconnection. Two transistors share a floating gate allowing one to exist directly in a circuit while the other is reserved for programming. Since the transistor does not need to be disconnected from the circuit to program it, the switch count is reduced, resulting in fewer parasitics and better overall performance.