Pumps, NO-valves, NC-valves on paper analysis chip

New concept of paper-based devices (we call “paper analysis chip”) and inkjet printer-like analyzer for clinical diagnostics has been presented. We proposed new liquid-handling mechanisms realized on the paper chips. An original paper material of the chips (we call it “functional paper”) was made by a newly developed paper-making process with adding SAP (super absorbent polymer). By using demonstrate paper chip, the validity of the mechanisms was confirmed. Especially, in order to determine sample and reagent volume, the NC-valve (normally close, actively open) by accumulated paper material was developed. Pumps, NO (normally open)-valves, NC-valves, which were necessary and sufficient elements for micro liquid handling on paper were completed.