The receiver and transmitter code sensing protocol and its applications in distributed CDMA networks

A new collision-avoiding protocol, the receiver-and-transmitter (R&T) code-sensing protocol, is formulated and its performance upper bounds are numerically analyzed. The results reveal that a high throughput and a stable performance of a distributed code-division multiple-access (CDMA) packet radio network can be achieved by broadcasting both transmitter and receiver codes into the shared CDMA channel to avoid possible packet conflicts. To measure the efficiency of the orthogonal codes used, the effective code utilization (ECU), defined as the ratio between the throughput and code consumption, is introduced and evaluated. The evaluation shows that the R&T code-sensing protocol has an ideal ECU