On-line signature verification based on altitude and direction of pen movement

A signature is widely used to authorize who issued the document. However, a signature has ambiguity, and it is difficult to distinguish the authentic signature from the mimicked signature only by the bit-mapped pattern. It is expected that the altitude and the azimuth of the gripped pen under signing depends on the shape of the writer´s hand and the habit of writing. We propose a new on-line writer authentication system using the pen altitude, pen azimuth, shape of signature, and writing pressure in real time. From experimental results with writing information by 24 writers, it is found that the authentication rate of 98% is obtained